Possible Autoantibody-Negative Autoimmune Encephalitis in a Sixty-Four-Year-Old Man Post-Varicella-Zoster Virus Vaccination
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) is a rare condition of brain inflammation that can be the result of multiple etiologies such as neoplasms of the ovaries, teratomas, and, more rarely, post-vaccine administration. Vaccine-associated AIE has been reported and described in the literature with vaccines against yellow fever, tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis and polio, Japanese encephalitis, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA, and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine. Additionally, there are few reported cases of AIE secondary to varicella-zoster vaccine administration. However, these numbers are found in large population studies and none of the cases have been further described. AIE has a variable presentation with non-specific prodromal symptoms occurring in the early stages with progression to neuropsychiatric and dysautonomia in the late stages. Therefore, this presentation introduces diagnostic difficulty especially in the absence of significant laboratory findings. Here, we discuss all reported and described cases within the literature on vaccine-associated AIE and their respective presentations. We also report and describe a case of possible AIE in a 64-year-old male, 1 week post-varicella-zoster vaccine administration. We further discuss the epidemiology, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of AIE as well as when to raise clinical suspicion for AIE associated with vaccine administration.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".