Potential of Warehouse Sharing and Electric Bicycles Deliveries in the Montreal Region
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT: City logistics has become more important over the years as a greater share of the world's population lives in urban areas. This is especially true in an area of increasing use of e-commerce and greater awareness of the need to reduce transportation externalities to combat global warming. In this paper, we evaluate the potential for reducing costs and CO2 emissions in the courier delivery industry by sharing warehouses between different delivery companies. We also consider a greater use of cargo bikes (CBs), which are more mobile and eco-friendlier. We test a cost reduction optimization model on data for the delivery of courier in the metropolitan area of Montreal, Canada. Results show a cost and GHG emissions reduction (of over 30%) when warehouses are shared between different courier companies and when CBs are used. We define a ratio between the maximum distance between a pickup or delivery site and the depot (warehouse) used and the total distance travelled. Results show that such a ratio has a significant impact on the gains brought using CBs. The maximum speed of vehicles also has a significant impact on the results.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".