Longitudinal association between synaptic dysfunction and Alzheimer’s disease pathology in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Synapse loss in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is correlates closely with cognitive impairment. Recent evidence suggests that synapse loss is promoted by amyloid‐beta, leading in turn to the spread of tau pathology. We sought to assess: 1) the association in positron emission tomography (PET) between several cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) synaptic biomarkers and amyloid and tau burden, as well as their annual change; and 2) the potential clinical utility of these synaptic biomarkers in preclinical AD. Methods Mass spectrometry assays quantified cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers of synaptic dysfunction (GAP43, SYT1, SNAP25 and Neurogranin) on 75 older adults (age 67.1 ± 4.8 years, 69.3% female) from the PREVENT‐AD cohort. These persons also had longitudinal amyloid ([18F]‐NAV4694) and tau ([18F]‐AV1451) PET scans performed over approximately 4.5 years. All were cognitively unimpaired (CU) at baseline, but 19 developed mild cognitive impairment (MCI) during follow‐up. We examined: 1) the association between these synaptic dysfunction biomarkers and global Aβ and entorhinal tau burden as well as their annual change, adjusting for age and sex; and 2) synaptic biomarker differences across those with Aβ at baseline vs. those who subsequently developed such pathology, and between individuals who remained CU vs. those who developed MCI during follow‐up. Analyses were considered significant at p=0.05/5=0.01 to account for multiple comparisons. Results Amyloid burden was positively associated with increased SNAP25long, while tau burden was associated with all 5 synaptic biomarkers (Figure 1). No association was found between these markers and amyloid and tau annual change. GAP43 and SNAP25 differed in Aβ‐ and Aβ+ groups but showed no difference across amyloid accumulators’ groups (Figure 2). Finally, MCI individuals had higher SNAP25long and GAP43 concentration than CU individuals (Figure 3). Conclusions GAP43 and SNAP25, being markers associated with neuronal growth and synaptic vesicle fusion, appear closely related to amyloid and tau burden, but only at baseline, even in preclinical AD. These biomarkers of synapse loss appear also to have clinical relevance, with differences observed in MCI compared to CU individuals. Future studies should explore these biomarkers, alongside pathology reduction, as potential targets for AD prevention to confirm these preliminary findings.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".