Serum calcium, alkaline phosphotase as risk factors for bone metabolism in Alzheimer's disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterised by cognitive decline and progressive deterioration of brain function. Recent research has suggested a complex interplay between AD and bone health, with individuals affected by AD exhibiting an increased propensity for fractures and falls. Our preclinical studies in PSEN, MAPT P301 S and FDD mice have shown sex‐dependent changes in the bone in AD mice, compared to their age‐matched wild type mice. To delve deeper into the molecular underpinnings of this relationship, our study leverages data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database to investigate alterations in bone‐specific markers during AD pathology; to unravel potential links between bone metabolism and AD progression. Methods Data from ADNI‐1(n=800), ADNI‐GO (n=700), ADNI‐2 (n=1300) and ADNI‐3 (n=2000) was considered for analysis. Spearman correlation analysis was performed between bone markers i.e. calcium and alkaline phosphatase with AD pathology‐ imaging and cognitive assessment. Results Calcium levels and alkaline phosphate levels which are critical for bone metabolism were found to be significantly lower in patients with EMCI, LMCI and AD compared to control patients. A negative correlation was found between Calcium levels and Left Hippocampal Volume (Corr Coeff = ‐0.025, p = 1.38e‐19), Right Hippocampal Volume (Corr Coeff = ‐0.030, p = 1.95e‐26), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) scores (Corr Coeff = ‐0.015, p = 4.34e‐08). Alkaline Phosphatase levels show a strong negative correlation with Left Hippocampal Volume (Corr Coeff = ‐0.075, p = 8.45e‐154) and Right Hippocampal Volume (Corr Coeff = ‐0.078, p = 5.74e‐168) and a negative correlation with MOCA scores (Corr Coeff = ‐0.065, p = 9.02e‐118). The negative correlations between Calcium and Alkaline Phosphatase levels with left and right hippocampal volume suggest that lower bone‐specific markers are associated with reduced hippocampal volume, elucidating brain‐bone crosstalk during AD Conclusion The study reveals correlation between serum bone markers (calcium, alkaline phosphatase) and declining hippocampal volume and cognitive function in Alzheimer's, suggesting a potential link between bone health and AD pathology. This discovery paves the way for deeper understanding and new avenues for diagnosis and treatment.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".