Global research trends in zero-waste cities: a comprehensive bibliometric analysis
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Zero-waste cities are one of the important ways to promote resources sustainable development worldwide and have significant implications for promoting the recycling of waste resources and promoting global sustainable development. This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of zero-waste cities to explore the current research landscape. Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC), PubMed and Scopus databases were used to retrieve a total of 392 articles containing research on zero-waste cities. These data were analysed by bibliometric methods to draw the research trends and recent advances in zero-waste cities comprehensive overview. The results show that the first article on zero-waste cities was published in 2008, marking the start of research in this area. In 2013, the most cited article was published by Zaman Au et al., and Italy is the country with the most research in this field. Additionally, the scholars and institutions who published the most papers in this field were investigated. Keywords: “circular economy”, “food waste”, “zero waste”, “recycling” and “waste management” remain the most used words in research. Furthermore, the data analysis illustrated that “waste collection” and its related components such as “waste diversion rate” and “waste generation” are emerging topics in zero-waste cities, however, it needs further development and more connections with zero-waste cities. Keywords such as “circular economy”, “sustainable development” and “carbon emissions” may become research hotspots or future trends. Finally, this study presents the future direction of zero-waste cities, thematic focus and research hotspots making a valuable contribution to zero-waste cities field.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Direct model labels (unvalidated)
Per-model category and study-design labels from the labeling rounds. They are machine output, unvalidated, and the disagreement between models ships as data. No study design here is MEDLINE-validated yet.
| Model arm | Categories | Study design | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| gemma | Bibliometrics Domain: not available · Genre: Empirical About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Observational | low |
| gpt | Bibliometrics Domain: not available · Genre: Empirical About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Other design | high |
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.076 | 0.383 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it