Does Labor Market Performance Matter? Expected Return to Education, Schooling, and Child Labor in Côte d’Ivoire
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT This article investigates whether expected returns to education affect the incidence of child labor in Côte d’Ivoire. Nationally, approximately a quarter of children in the age group of 5 to 17 years are actively involved in economic activities. Child labor is a matter of concern in Côte d’Ivoire, as it interferes with schooling. The study also attempts to solve an omitted variable problem present in previous studies using spatial econometrics techniques. Results show that households’ decisions to provide their children with schooling or to involve them early in the labor market are sensitive to the expected returns to education in their place of residence as well as those of other regions of Côte d’Ivoire. The results indicate that improvements in the expected returns to education reduce the likelihood of the involvement of both boys and girls in child labor, while it only increases girls’ probability of attending school. An explanation of this could be found in the low expected returns to education. Indeed, many educated people in this country experience difficulties in finding decent jobs. Consequently, a sound educational system and labor market reforms likely to raise the return to education could help reduce child labor and improve girls’ schooling.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it