Genomic epidemiology of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli from companion animals and human infections in Europe
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In high-income countries, dogs and cats are often considered members of the family. Because of this proximity, it has been suggested that pets and humans might exchange bacterial species from their gut microbiota, with multidrug resistant bacteria being of particular concern. The aim of this study was to compare the genomes of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant (3GC-R) Escherichia coli responsible for human and pet infections in Europe. Whole-genome sequencing data from 3GC-R E. coli isolated from clinical samples of humans, dogs and cats, and published in eight European studies were re-analyzed using bioinformatics tools. The acquired genes responsible for 3GC-R were identified. The sequence type (ST) of all genomes were assessed by multilocus sequence typing. Alpha and beta diversities were measured within and between the two populations. We included genomes of 1327 3GC-R E. coli isolated from humans and animals with 109 (8.2 %) being responsible for infections in dogs and cat, and 1218 (91.8 %) responsible for human infections. Alpha diversity analysis suggested greater diversity within ST and 3GC-R genes in the animal population. Beta diversity analysis by principal coordinate analysis separated animal and human strains. ST131 was more abundant in human strains (43.4 %) than in animal strains (14.7 %) ( p < 0.001). Six STs, including ST372, were identified almost exclusively in 3GC-R E. coli from animal origin. The bla CTX-M-15 gene was more frequent in humans (49.24 %) than in companion animals (17.9 %) ( p < 0.001). The resistance genes bla CMY-2 (30.8 %) and bla CTX-M-1 (15.4 %) were more frequent in E. coli isolated from pets (p < 0.001). We found that populations of 3GC-R E. coli responsible for human and pet infections in Europe do not overlap. Although it cannot rule out occasional transmission of bacteria between pets and humans within a household, it suggests that dogs and cats are not a major source of human infection with this antibiotic-resistant pathogen. • Populations of 3GC-R E. coli responsible for human and pet infections do not overlap. • The bla CTX-M-15 gene was more common in E. coli from humans than from pets. • The bla CMY-2 and bla CTX-M-1 resistance genes were more common in E. coli from pets than from humans. • ST131 E. coli were isolated from human clinical samples more often than clinical samples from pets.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".