Imaging pyrometry of metal fragments initially generated during the supersonic impact of reactive metal projectiles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The early stage of the impact-initiated reaction of supersonic cylindrical reactive metal projectiles (magnesium, aluminum, titanium, and zirconium) with an inert aluminum oxide target is investigated experimentally with impact velocities from 1.1 to 1.3 km/s. A three-color imaging pyrometer is used to obtain temperature maps of the condensed fragments generated during the first few microseconds following contact between the projectile and the target. Experiments conducted in inert and oxidizing atmospheres confirm that chemical reactions initiate readily upon contact between the projectile and the target. In oxidizing atmospheres, the fragment temperatures measured for each metal are, on average, below but near the respective adiabatic temperature in air, except for Zr which produced temperatures significantly below expectations. Only the particles shed at the interface between the projectile and the target visibly react with the oxygen in the ambient atmosphere. At the impact velocities under study, only a small fraction, on the order of a few percent, of the mass of the projectile is finely fragmented during the initial impact event.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".