Transient vortex-induced vibrations of a cylinder released from rest
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The transient response of an elastically-mounted rigid cylinder released from rest in a steady freestream is investigated experimentally through simultaneous displacement and two-component velocity field measurements in conjunction with force estimation. The Reynolds number is maintained constant at R e ≈ 4,400, while the reduced velocity is varied between U ∗ ≈ 4.5 and 11.5. The amplitude response indicates distinct transient behavior across all response branches, including a notable amplitude overshoot in the initial branch and continuous amplitude growth to quasi-steady state in the upper and lower branches. Following cylinder release, forcing is shown to transition from purely von Kármán frequency to nonlinear forcing, and comparisons to a linear oscillator show key differences in system behavior during this transition. Following lock-in, the time taken to attain quasi-steady state increases, while the maximum amplitude growth rate decreases with U ∗ . The observed differences in the transient amplitude growth rate are linked to distinct changes in the forcing characteristics, primarily driven by the phase difference between forcing and cylinder displacement. The presented analysis of the transient flow development reveals a close relationship between the timing of vortex shedding and the forcing phase difference. Additionally, the mechanisms underlying the transition from initial von Kármán shedding to quasi-steady lock-in behavior, highlighted by notable changes in wake characteristics, are identified for transients in each response branch.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".