Investigating lightweight recycled brick aggregate concrete incorporating EPS beads: Application to masonry units
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
• Lightweight recycled brick aggregate concrete was developed using waste bricks and EPS beads. • EPS beads replacement of fine aggregate resulted in lightweight concrete. • Mixtures ensured minimum compressive strength under acidic and saline environments. • Using recycled cooking oil as an admixture increased compressive strength. • The addition of coconut fibers improved the modulus of rupture. Construction and demolition (C&D) waste, including burnt clay bricks and concrete, combined with non-degradable industrial waste such as expanded polystyrene (EPS), presents a significant global disposal challenge. Recycling C&D waste into concrete aggregates offers a sustainable solution, while incorporating EPS in lightweight concrete production supports eco-friendly construction. This study focuses on developing lightweight recycled brick aggregate concrete (LRBAC) using recycled brick aggregate (RBA) and EPS beads, specifically designed for partition walls in seismic structures, where reduced weight enhances structural performance. To minimize the carbon footprint, cement was partially replaced with fly ash at 33%, 50%, and 67%. Coconut fibers (15 mm length) were added to mitigate the reduction in mechanical properties caused by EPS and cement replacement. Used cooking oil (UCO) was employed as a sustainable alternative to commercial superplasticizers, and its impact on mechanical and durability properties was assessed. Key properties, including density, modulus of elasticity (MOE), compressive strength, and modulus of rupture (MOR), were evaluated in accordance with ASTM C129 standards for lightweight masonry units. Durability was assessed through water absorption tests and exposure to severe weathering, including cyclic ponding in 5% sulfuric acid and supersaturated brine solutions. The results show that despite that EPS beads addition and exposure to harsh weathering decreased the mechanical and durability properties, LRBAC specimens satisfied the ASTM C129 criteria for lightweight concrete masonry units. Moreover, LRBAC incorporating EPS and FA are less costly and have lower carbon footprint, highlighting the benefit of using C&D and industrial waste for production of sustainable lightweight concrete for masonry units.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it