Factors enabling smooth transitions from out-of-home care: A scoping review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Young people in out-of-home care (OOHC) may face health, educational and social disadvantage due to experiencing childhood adversity. When young people transition from OOHC at 18 years of age it is recognised that this experience of disadvantage continues and is often compounded, with care leavers at risk of poor outcomes post-transition. While governments and community service organisations support young people to plan to leave OOHC, this transition to independence occurs significantly earlier than in the general population and with less support. Previous research has identified the reasons behind poor post-care outcomes but there is a knowledge gap concerning how transition planning could be improved. A scoping review of the Australian and international empirical grey literature (non-commercial or academic publications) was conducted with the aim of identifying the key factors that enable smooth transitions from OOHC, including for Indigenous populations. The search strategy involved (1) targeted searches on Google and child welfare organisation websites, (2) a child welfare database and (3) consultation with content experts. Empirical literature published in English from 2018 onwards was included. Following the screening process, 45 reports were included in the review. There were 16 reports from Australia, 13 from the United States of America, 6 from Canada, 4 from New Zealand, 4 from the United Kingdom, one international and one multi-national African study. Seventeen key themes outlining factors that contribute to smooth transitions from OOHC were identified in this review. Themes common to all care leavers (both Indigenous and non-Indigenous) included: tailored, long-term and comprehensive case management; active and meaningful involvement of young people; access to affordable housing; supportive social relationships; supportive relationships with professionals; access to post-care support; cross-sector collaboration; system factors; extended care in line with social norms; OOHC policy; individual strengths of young people; quality and stability of placements; and education and employment. Themes unique to Indigenous care leavers included: culturally appropriate support; Indigenous-led services; connection to culture; and suitable placement location. The findings of this review have implications for research, policy and practice and provide much-needed guidance for the advancement of effective transition pathways for young people living in OOHC.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.012 | 0.059 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.015 | 0.015 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".