Passive acoustic monitoring of a major seismic event at the Main Endeavour Hydrothermal Vent Field
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A major seismic event occurred in the region of the Main Endeavour Hydrothermal Vent Field (MEF) on March 5–6, 2024. During this 48-h period, a 4.1 magnitude event and up to 200 earthquakes per hour were recorded by Ocean Networks Canada’s (ONC) cabled North-East Pacific Time-series Undersea Networked Experiments (NEPTUNE) observatory. Low frequency waterborne acoustic signals associated with the earthquakes were detected by a four-element “box-type” hydrophone array located near multiple black smoker hydrothermal vents, with two of these elements being active during the event. Broadband signals up to 10 kHz were also measured by the hydrophones. Power spectral densities before, during, and after the seismic event show increases up to 50 dB relative to ambient levels below 100 Hz and increases up to 20 dB between 100 Hz and 10 kHz during the event. Power spectral densities between 100 Hz and 10 kHz remain elevated by approximately 5 dB more than one week following the seismic event. Power spectral density and complex coherence measurements, as well as cross-correlation with other sensors at MEF, suggest that these broadband signals may be associated with changes to the hydrothermal vent field resulting from the increased seismicity in this region.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".