Association of CSF soluble TREM1 levels with hippocampal atrophy in cognitively impaired older adults
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Recent studies have shown that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (sTREM1) are elevated in individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD), though the relationship between CSF sTREM1 and hippocampal atrophy remains to be elucidated. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the association between CSF sTREM1 levels and longitudinal changes in hippocampal volumes, and to determine if this relationship is moderated by cognitive status. Methods: We included 576 participants, comprising 152 cognitively unimpaired (CU) and 424 cognitively impaired (CI) individuals. In the cross-sectional analyses, Pearson's correlation tests were conducted to examine the relationship between baseline CSF sTREM1 levels and hippocampal volumes in both CU and CI participants. For the longitudinal analyses, a linear mixed-effects model was employed to assess the significance of the three-way interaction between CSF sTREM1 levels, cognitive status, and follow-up time on adjusted hippocampal volume (aHV). Further stratified analyses based on cognitive status were performed to dissect the specific effects within each group. Results: Our findings revealed significantly elevated baseline CSF sTREM1 levels in CI participants compared to CU participants. Cross-sectional analyses demonstrated that CSF sTREM1 levels were negatively associated with hippocampal volumes in both CU and CI participants. In the longitudinal analyses, the three-way interaction between CSF sTREM1 levels, cognitive status, and follow-up time was found to be significant for aHV. Stratified analyses indicated that, in CI participants, higher CSF sTREM1 levels were associated with a more accelerated rate of hippocampal atrophy, whereas no such association was observed in CU participants. Conclusion: These results underscore the complex interplay between neuroinflammation, as reflected by CSF sTREM1 levels, hippocampal atrophy, and cognitive decline. The data suggest that neuroinflammation may contribute differently to hippocampal atrophy rates in CI versus CU individuals, highlighting the potential for targeted anti-inflammatory interventions in the prevention and treatment of AD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".