Chevalley groups over $${{\mathbb {Z}}}$$: a representation-theoretic approach
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Abstract
Abstract Let $$G({{\mathbb {Q}}})$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Q</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> be a simply connected Chevalley group over $${{\mathbb {Q}}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>Q</mml:mi> </mml:math> corresponding to a simple Lie algebra $${\mathfrak {g}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> </mml:math> over $${{\mathbb {C}}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> </mml:math> . Let V be a finite-dimensional faithful highest weight $${\mathfrak {g}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> </mml:math> -module and let $$V_{{\mathbb {Z}}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>V</mml:mi> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> be a Chevalley $${{\mathbb {Z}}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> </mml:math> -form of V . Let $$\Gamma ({{\mathbb {Z}}})$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Γ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> be the subgroup of $$G({{\mathbb {Q}}})$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Q</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> that preserves $$V_{{{\mathbb {Z}}}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>V</mml:mi> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> and let $$G({{\mathbb {Z}}})$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> be the group of $${{\mathbb {Z}}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> </mml:math> -points of $$G({{\mathbb {Q}}})$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Q</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Then $$G({{\mathbb {Q}}})$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Q</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> is integral if $$G({{\mathbb {Z}}})=\Gamma ({{\mathbb {Z}}})$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Γ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Chevalley’s original work constructs a scheme-theoretic integral form of $$G({{\mathbb {Q}}})$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Q</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> which equals $$\Gamma ({{\mathbb {Z}}})$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Γ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Here we give a representation-theoretic proof of integrality of $$G({{\mathbb {Q}}})$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Q</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> using only the action of $$G({{\mathbb {Q}}})$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>Q</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> on V , rather than the language of group schemes. We discuss the challenges and open problems that arise in trying to extend this to a proof of integrality for Kac–Moody groups over $${{\mathbb {Q}}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>Q</mml:mi> </mml:math> .
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Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it