(In)stability of 10-Methylphenothiazine Cations in Common Electrolytes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide 10-Methylphenothiazine (MPT) is used in energy devices, often to prevent overcharging. Surprisingly, there is a lack of fundamental knowledge on the stability of MPT dication, which is transiently produced during operation. Herein, we used spectroelectrochemistry and cyclic voltammetry to investigate the effect of different Li-based electrolytes (LiPF 6, LiClO 4, LiSbF 6 ) and temperatures on the chemical reactivity of the MPT dication (MPT 2+ ). This work shows that while the radical cation is extremely stable, MPT 2+ is a superacid that can react with most common battery electrolytes, specifically LiClO 4 . Experiments conducted with 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine (TMP) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that a possible degradation pathway involves the deprotonation of MPT 2+ to form a reactive singly charged iminium ion (ImPT + ), with the electrolyte acting as a proton acceptor. This work offers insights into the reactivity of MPT 2+ under battery-relevant conditions, providing an opportunity for the rational design of phenothiazine-based devices with improved stability.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".