Transport of continental particulate over the Labrador Sea and entrainment are important pathways for glaciation of remote marine clouds
Bibliographic record
Abstract
observations of the fractional ice water content. Three different air mass regimes were sampled: northerly winds in both the marine boundary layer and the lower free troposphere; westerly winds from Canada in both the marine boundary layer and the free troposphere; and periods when the boundary layer winds were northerly but the air immediately above the boundary layer was from continental Canada. When the air in the boundary layer and free troposphere was from the north, most clouds were in the liquid phase, however, considerably more glaciation was observed when the air immediately above the boundary layer clouds was from Canada regardless of the flow direction in the boundary layer. Sea salt particles dominate the observed out of cloud aerosol particle population and liquid cloud particle residuals. However, in the detected mixed phase and ice cloud particle residuals dust and bioaerosol particles were substantial in number. Since these are known to be effective ice-nucleating particles, the observations suggest that long range transport of continental air and entrainment is an important pathway for the supply of aerosol to the remote Arctic boundary layer.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".