Lateral cyclic performance of flexural-dominated partially grouted reinforced concrete masonry shear walls with bed joint reinforcement
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Partially grouted reinforced masonry shear walls (PG-RMSWs) are widely acknowledged as a cost-effective and efficient construction system in North America. Unlike fully grouted walls, PG-RMSWs only require grouting in cells with reinforcement, reducing material use. Due to a lack of research on the seismic behavior of flexural-dominated PG-RMSWs, their application in taller RM buildings remains uncertain. Compared to grouted bond beams, using bed joint reinforcement (BJR) can speed up construction and enhance crack control. This study aims to experimentally investigate the lateral cyclic response of high-aspect-ratio PG-RMSWs using BJR. An experimental program including the testing of two half-scaled flexural dominated PG-RMSWs with BJRs subjected to in-plane quasistatic cyclic loading was conducted. The two walls had the same aspect ratio (5.90), axial stress and flexural moment capacity, but differed in cross-section: one rectangular (REC RMSW), one with boundary elements (RMSW+BEs). The test results showed flexural behavior in the failure of both walls. The tested walls could achieve high levels of displacement ductility, with values of 6.0 ∆ y for the REC RMSW and 12 ∆ y for the RMSW+BEs. The ductility-related force modification factors were 4.76 and 9.63 for the REC RMSW and RMSW+BEs, respectively. The other performance parameters demonstrated the ability of the tested walls to dissipate energy more effectively with 8.2 and 19.8 for idealized energy dissipation for REC RMSW and RMSW+BEs, respectively at ultimate stage. Moreover, tested walls exhibited higher damping ratios with ultimate equivalent viscous damping of 19 % and 21 % for REC RMSW and RMSW+BEs, respectively. This study highlights the need to change the restrictions in the next generations of CSA S304 to allow partial grouting in plastic hinge zones of high-aspect-ratio walls.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".