Influence of the Mackenzie River plume dispersal on the dissolved barium concentrations in the upper Canada Basin waters
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dissolved barium has been shown to have the potential to track river runoff in marine waters. In this study, the distribution of dissolved barium was determined in the upper 450 m waters of the Canada Basin along the Joint Ocean Ice Study 140°W transect in August/September 2019–2021. In these highly stratified Canada Basin waters, the dBa concentrations increased from 42.51 nmol kg −1 in the Atlantic waters to 128.91 nmol kg −1 in the polar mixed layer. The dispersal of Ba-rich surface waters found over the slope and outer shelves is attributed to the Mackenzie River plume. These waters were either confined nearshore with northwest winds (2019 and 2020) or entrained into the Beaufort Gyre interior under easterly winds (2021). In the subsurface layers, the vertical variation in barium concentration in the Pacific Winter Water and Atlantic Halocline waters showed evidence of mixing. Dissolved Ba dynamics provide a window into the complex interplay between physical, biological, and chemical processes in Arctic waters, making it a valuable tracer for understanding ocean circulation, nutrient transport, and ecosystem functioning in the rapidly changing Arctic region. • Wind forcing dominated Ba dynamics in continental shelf/slope surface waters. • High barium Mackenzie River plume is advected by offshore Ekman transport. • Ba levels are influenced by mixing process in the Pacific Winter Water and Atlantic Halocline.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".