Experienced Victimization and Confidence in the Police among Young Canadian Adults
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article examines how experienced victimization affects the confidence of young adults in the police in Canada. Using data from the 2019 General Social Survey – Cycle 34: Victimizations, our analysis focuses on the subgroup of young adults aged 15 to 34 ( N = 3,395). The findings confirm a significant negative correlation between experienced victimization and confidence in the police among young people. Other factors, such as community belonging, neighborhood crime rates, and overall health status, are positively associated with confidence in the police. The results provide insights into how various sociodemographic factors have influenced the perceptions of law enforcement by young adults. The study highlights the challenges faced by Indigenous, vulnerable, and racialized community members (e.g., those with visible minority status, people with disabilities, and those facing discrimination), who often have lower levels of confidence in the police. These findings emphasize the need for comprehensive police–community collaborative strategies prioritizing inclusivity, anti-discrimination measures, and focused support for Canadian young adults to improve their trust and confidence in law enforcement.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".