Agriculture of the Uprooted: The Assyrian Settlement on the Khabur and the Agrarian Solution to Refugees
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article traces how the League of Nations responded to Assyrian refugees fleeing Iraq in the 1930s, and periodizes the concept of propertied agriculture as a solution to late-nineteenth and early twentieth century displacement. The League considered agricultural settlement of Assyrians in places as varied as Brazil, British Guiana, and Syria, and, less seriously, Australia, British Honduras, Canada, Cyprus, Cyrenaica, Ecuador, Eritrea, Fiji, Lebanon, North Borneo, Palestine, South Africa, Southern Rhodesia, and Tanganyika. Throughout these discussions, agriculture functioned to justify potential settlements or malign Assyrian refugees. In the end, the Assyrians remained on sites near the Khabur River in northeastern Syria that were intended to be only provisional. In the process, the Assyrians defied discursive presentations of themselves as seeds to be planted, and instead articulated shrewd critiques of the developmental endeavor, openly rebelling against the work of agriculture itself in an arid landscape from which they had hoped to leave.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.015 | 0.014 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".