Identification and quantitative trait locus mapping of Tartary buckwheat pre‐harvest sprouting
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tartaricum) is particularly vulnerable to pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) due to its extended flowering and fruiting cycle, especially during periods of prolonged rainfall. This susceptibility has significant adverse effects on yield, quality and post-harvest processing. In this study, a recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population (XJ-RILs) was developed from a cross between the PHS-susceptible Tartary buckwheat variety 'Xiaomiqiao' (female parent) and the highly PHS-resistant variety 'Jinqiaomai 2' (male parent). Key traits, including germination percentage, germination energy, germination index, field PHS (PHS-F) and simulated PHS (PHS-S), were evaluated, and a quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping analysis was performed. RESULTS: (i) PHS-S was strongly and significantly correlated with PHS-F. (ii) A total of 11 QTLs associated with seed germination and 14 QTLs related to PHS were identified. Notably, the major QTL cluster qPHS8-1 was consistently detected and mapped within the interval of 8.53-9.65 Mbp on chromosome Ft8. (iii) Genotyping of 221 XJ-RILs across eight chromosomes revealed five residual heterozygous lines carrying a heterozygous interval of qPHS8-1 cluster, with inbred line R56 being particularly suited for the fine mapping of qPHS8-1. CONCLUSION: The PHS-S test, conducted on entire Tartary buckwheat spikes, is an effective and comprehensive method for assessing PHS resistance in this crop. QTL mapping identified qPHS8-1 as a major locus for PHS resistance, and inbred line R56 offers a promising resource for further fine mapping of this cluster. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".