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Search for Neutrino Doublets and Triplets Using 11.4 yr of IceCube Data
R. Abbasi, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, Sanjib Kumar Agarwalla, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, Jean-Marco Alameddine, N. M. Amin, K. Andeen, C. Argüelles, Y. Ashida, S. Athanasiadou, Spencer Axani, R. Babu, X. Bai, Aswathi Balagopal, M. Baricevic, S. W. Barwick, Simeon Bash, V. Basu, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, J. Becker Tjus, Jakob Beise, Chiara Bellenghi, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Z. Besson, E. Blaufuss, Summer Blot, F. Bontempo, Julia Book, Caterina Boscolo Meneguolo, S. Böser, O. Botner, J. Böttcher, J. Braun, Bennett Brinson, Zoe Brisson-Tsavoussis, J. Brostean-Kaiser, L. Brusa, R. T. Burley, Delaney Butterfield, Michael Campana, Ioana Caracas, K. Carloni, Sharmistha Chattopadhyay, Thien Nhan Chau, Z. Chen, D. Chirkin, S. Choi, Brian Clark, Alan Coleman, Peter John Cusack Coleman, G. H. Collin, A. Connolly, J. M. Conrad, Rebecca Corley, D. F. Cowen, C. De Clercq, James DeLaunay, Diyaselis Delgado, Sen Deng, A. Desai, P. Desiati, K. D. de Vries, G. de Wasseige, T. DeYoung, Adriel Herrero Díaz, J. C. Díaz–Vélez, P. Dierichs, M. Dittmer, A. Domi, Lincoln Draper, H. Dujmovic, Daniel Durnford, K. Dutta, M. A. DuVernois, T. Ehrhardt, Leonhard Eidenschink, A. Eimer, P. Eller, E. Ellinger, Sharif El Mentawi, Dominik Elsässer, R. Engel, H. Erpenbeck, Waleed Esmail, J. Evans, P. A. Evenson, Kwok Lung Fan, Ke Fang, Kareem Ramadan Farrag, A. R. Fazely, A. Fedynitch, Nora Feigl, Sebastian Fiedlschuster, C. Finley, Leander Fischer, D. B. Fox, A. Franckowiak, S. Fukami, Philipp Fürst, Erik Ganster, Alfonso Garcia, M. García, Gaurav Garg, Eliot Genton, L. Gerhardt, A. Ghadimi, C. Girard-Carillo, C. Glaser, T. Glüsenkamp, J. G. González, Sreetama Goswami, Alejandra Granados, D. Grant, S. J. Gray, S. Griffin, S. Griswold, Kathrine Mørch Groth, David Joseph Guevel, C. Günther, Pascal Gutjahr, C. Ha, C. Haack, A. Hallgren, L. Halve, F. Halzen, Leon Hamacher, H. Hamdaoui, M. Ha Minh, Michael Handt, K. Hanson, J. Hardin, Alexander Harnisch, P. Hatch, A. Haungs, Jonas Häußler, K. Helbing, Jonas Hellrung, J. Hermannsgabner, L. Heuermann, Nils Heyer, S. Hickford, Attila Hidvégi, Colton Hill, G. C. Hill, Ramy Hmaid, K. D. Hoffman, Sam Hori, K. Hoshina, Matheus Hostert, Wenjie Hou, Thomas S. Huber, K. Hultqvist, M. Hünnefeld, R. Hussain, K. Hymon, A. Ishihara, W. Iwakiri, M. Jacquart, Samyak Jain, Oliver Janik, Matti Jansson, M. Jeong, Miaochen Jin, B. J. P. Jones, N. Kamp, D. Kang, Woosik Kang, X. S. Kang, A. Kappes, David Kappesser, Leonora Kardum, T. Karg, M. Karl, A. Karle, Akanksha Katil, U. Katz, M. Kauer, J. L. Kelley, Manish Khanal, A. Khatee Zathul, Ali Kheirandish, J. Kiryluk, Yukiho Kobayashi, A. Kochocki, Ramesh Koirala, H. Kolanoski, T. Kontrimas, L. Köpke, C. Kopper, D. J. Koskinen, Paras Koundal, M. Kowalski, T. Kozynets, Gerhard Krieger, J. Krishnamoorthi, T. Krishnan, K. Kruiswijk, E. Krupczak, Anil Kumar, E. Kun, N. Kurahashi, Neha Navnitkumar Lad, Cristina Lagunas Gualda, M. Lamoureux, M. J. Larson, Frederik Hermann Lauber, Jeffrey Lazar, Kayla Leonard DeHolton, A. Leszczyńska, J. Y. Liao, Massimiliano Lincetto, Yantao Liu, M. Liubarska, Christina Love, L. Lu, Francesco Lucarelli, William Luszczak, Else Magnus, K. B. M. Mahn, Y. Makino, Elena Manao, Sarah Mancina, Alicia Mand, W. Marie Sainte, Ioana Codrina Mariş, Szabolcs Márka, Z. Márka, M. Marsee, Ivan Martínez-Soler, R. Maruyama, Finn Mayhew, F. McNally, J. V. Mead, K. Meagher, Sarah Mechbal, A. Medina, M. Meier, Yarno Merckx, Lukas Merten, J. Mitchell, T. Montaruli, R. W. Moore, Y. Morii, R. Morse, Marjon Moulai, Tista Mukherjee, R. Naab, M. Nakos, U. Naumann, J. Necker, Akshima Negi, Ludwig Neste, M. Neumann, Hans Niederhausen, M. U. Nisa, K. Noda, A. Noell, A. Novikov, A. Obertacke Pollmann, Vivian O'Dell, A. Olivas, R. Orsoe, J. Osborn, Erin O’Sullivan, Veronika Palušová, H. Pandya, N. Park, G. K. Parker, V. A. Parrish, Ek Narayan Paudel, L. Paul, C. Pérez de los Heros, Teresa Pernice, J. Peterson, A. Pizzuto, M. Plum, Axel Pontén, Y. Popovych, Maria Prado Rodriguez, B. Pries, R. Procter-Murphy, G. T. Przybylski, Lilly Pyras, C. Raab, J. Rack-Helleis, N. Rad, Martin Langgård Ravn, K. Rawlins, Z. Rechav, Abdul Rehman, E. Resconi, S. Reusch, W. Rhode, B. Riedel, Adam Rifaie, E. J. Roberts, S. Robertson, Steven T. Rodan, Martin Rongen, Aske Rosted, C. Rott, T. Ruhe, L. Ruohan, D. Ryckbosch, I. Safa, Daniel Salazar-Gallegos, P. Sampathkumar, A. Sandrock, M. Santander, S. Sarkar, J. Savelberg, P. Savina, Patrick Schaile, Merlin Schaufel, H. Schieler, S. Schindler, Lea Schlickmann, B. Schlüter, Felix Schlüter, Nick Schmeisser, Torsten C. Schmidt, J. Schneider, Frank Schröder, L. Schumacher, Sonke Schwirn, S. Sclafani, D. Seckel, Leo Seen, Mohammad Ful Hossain Seikh, Minhye Seo, S. Seunarine, P. Sevle Myhr, R. Shah, S. Shefali, N. Shimizu, M. Silva, B. Skrzypek, B. Smithers, R. Snihur, J. Soedingrekso, A. Søgaard, D. Soldin, Philipp Soldin, Giacomo Sommani, Christian Spannfellner, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, Juliana Stachurska, M. Stamatikos, T. Stanev, T. Stezelberger, T. Stürwald, Thomas Stuttard, G. W. Sullivan, I. Taboada, S. Ter–Antonyan, A. Terliuk, Matthias Thiesmeyer, W. G. Thompson, Jessie Thwaites, S. Tilav, K. Tollefson, C. Tönnis, S. Toscano, D. Tosi, A. Trettin, Martin Unland Elorrieta, Anuj Kumar Upadhyay, K. Upshaw, A. Vaidyanathan, Nora Valtonen-Mattila, J. Vandenbroucke, N. van Eijndhoven, D. Vannerom, J. van Santen, J. Vara, F. Varsi, J. Veitch-Michaelis, M. Venugopal, M. Vereecken, Sebastian Vergara Carrasco, S. Verpoest, D. Veske, A. Vijai, C. Walck, Andrew Wang, C. Weaver, P. Weigel, A. Weindl, J. Weldert, Alex Wen, C. Wendt, J. Werthebach, M. Weyrauch, N. Whitehorn, C. H. Wiebusch, D. R. Williams, Lucas Witthaus, Martin Wolf, G. Wrede, Xiaolin Xu, J. P. Yanez, Emre Burak Yildizci, S. Yoshida, R. Young, F. Yu, Shiqi Yu, Tianlu Yuan, A. Zegarelli, S. Zhang, Z. Zhang, P. Zhelnin, Perri Zilberman, Melany Zimmerman
Bibliographic record
VenueArXiv.org · 2025
Typepreprint
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicAstrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersOffice of Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive ResearchJapan Society for the Promotion of ScienceDeutsches Elektronen-SynchrotronNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaOffice of Polar ProgramsCollege of Engineering, Michigan State UniversityHelmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle PhysicsInstitute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba UniversityRWTH Aachen UniversityAlliance de recherche numérique du CanadaChiba UniversityKnut och Alice Wallenbergs StiftelseVillum FondenNational Research Foundation of KoreaMarsden FundBundesministerium für Bildung und ForschungSchweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen ForschungNational Science FoundationBelgian Federal Science Policy OfficeDeutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftMichigan State UniversityNational Research FoundationUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonVetenskapsrådetU.S. Department of EnergyOffice of Advanced CyberinfrastructureEuropean CommissionWestern Canada Research GridFonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRSPolarforskningssekretariatetFonds Wetenschappelijk OnderzoekNvidiaMarquette University
KeywordsNeutrinoPhysicsAstronomyAstrophysicsParticle physics
Abstract
We report a search for high-energy astrophysical neutrino multiplets, detections of multiple neutrino clusters in the same direction within 30 days, based on an analysis of 11.4 yr of IceCube data. A new search method optimized for transient neutrino emission with a monthly timescale is employed, providing a higher sensitivity to neutrino fluxes. This result is sensitive to neutrino transient emission, reaching per-flavor flux of approximately 10−10ergcm−2s−1from the Northern Sky in the energy range E ≳ 50 TeV. The number of doublets and triplets identified in this search is compatible with the atmospheric background hypothesis, which leads us to set limits on the nature of neutrino transient sources with emission timescales of one month.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.005
Threshold uncertainty score0.009
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.110
GPT teacher head0.331
Teacher spread0.222 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes