The formation of mini-AGN discs around IMBHs and their dynamical implications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study explores the formation and implications of mini-active galactic nucleus (mAGN) discs around intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) embedded in gas-rich globular/nuclear clusters (GCs). We examine the parameter space for stable mAGN discs, considering the influence of IMBH mass, disc radius, and gas density on disc stability. The dynamics of stars and black holes within the mAGN disc are modelled, with a focus on gas-induced migration and gas dynamical friction. These dynamical processes can lead to several potentially observable phenomena, including the enhancement of gravitational wave mergers (particularly intermediate-mass ratio inspirals and extreme-mass ratio inspirals), and the occurrence of milli/centi-tidal disruption events with unique observational signatures. We find that gas hardening can significantly accelerate the inspiral of binaries within the disc, potentially leading to a frequency shift in the emitted gravitational waves. Additionally, we explore the possibility of forming accreting IMBH systems from captured binaries within the mAGN disc, potentially resulting in the formation of ultraluminous X-ray sources. The observational implications of such accreting systems, including X-ray emission, optical signatures, and transient phenomena, are discussed. Furthermore, we investigate the possibility of large-scale jets emanating from gas-embedded IMBHs in GCs. While several caveats and uncertainties exist, our work highlights the potential for mAGN discs to provide unique insights into IMBH demographics, accretion physics, and the dynamics of GCs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".