Association of Fontan Pathophysiology With Plasma Bile Acids
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Patients with Fontan circulation are frail and experience multisystem dysfunction including impaired exercise capacity, low resting and exercise-augmented cardiac output, and progressive liver fibrosis. However, common underlying biochemical abnormalities or disease-specific biomarkers have not been well-described. OBJECTIVES: We wish to investigate Fontan and their matched healthy subjects using a nontargeted, followed by targeted metabolomic analysis. METHODS: Patients with Fontan circulation were compared to age- and sex-matched healthy controls with regard to body composition, markers of frailty, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, and resting and exercise-augmented hemodynamics. Subsequently, the study participants underwent a nontargeted metabolomics assessment, followed by targeted plasma bile acid (BA) analysis. RESULTS: max, and had lower resting and postexercise hemodynamic parameters. Nontargeted metabolomics assessment demonstrated elevated BAs, oxylipins, and leucine metabolites in Fontan patients. Total BA as well as 17 BA components were markedly elevated in the Fontan patients. Selective BAs were negatively associated with age, degree of frailty, cardiopulmonary function, and hemodynamic parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated BAs are associated with worsening Fontan physiology. These findings warrant further exploration.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it