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Record W4406572044 · doi:10.1016/j.nlp.2025.100126

RESPECT: A framework for promoting inclusive and respectful conversations in online communications

2025· article· en· W4406572044 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueNatural Language Processing Journal · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldComputer Science
TopicHate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection
Canadian institutionsSheridan CollegeToronto Metropolitan UniversityVector Institute
Fundersnot available
KeywordsInclusion (mineral)PsychologyInternet privacySociologyComputer scienceSocial psychology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Toxicity and bias in online conversations hinder respectful interactions, leading to issues such as harassment and discrimination. While advancements in natural language processing (NLP) have improved the detection and mitigation of toxicity on digital platforms, the evolving nature of social media conversations demands continuous innovation. Previous efforts have made strides in identifying and reducing toxicity; however, a unified and adaptable framework for managing toxic content across diverse online discourse remains essential. This paper introduces a comprehensive framework R ESPECT designed to effectively identify and mitigate toxicity in online conversations. The framework comprises two components: an encoder-only model for detecting toxicity and a decoder-only model for generating debiased versions of the text. By leveraging the capabilities of transformer-based models, toxicity is addressed as a binary classification problem. Subsequently, open-source and proprietary large language models are utilized through prompt-based approaches to rewrite toxic text into non-toxic, and making sure these are contextually accurate alternatives. Empirical results demonstrate that this approach significantly reduces toxicity across various conversational styles, fostering safer and more respectful communication in online environments. • RESPECT framework identifies toxicity in online discourse. • RESPECT framework use prompt engineering to debias the hateful content. • RESPECT framework classifier and debiaser can be extended to other LLMs.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Other design · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Methods · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.959
Threshold uncertainty score0.463

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.010
GPT teacher head0.332
Teacher spread0.322 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it