Resolving the Hubble Tension with a Late Dark Energy Modification to the ΛCDM Model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Hubble tension arises from the difference between direct measurements of the Hubble constant and indirect measurements based on a cosmological model.This discrepancy has been confirmed with increasing precision, suggesting a potential issue with the current cosmological model.The simplest Lambda Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM) model, which incorporates a cosmological constant associated with dark energy, provides a good fit for a wide range of cosmological data.In this paper, we propose a modification to the ΛCDM model, hypothesizing that dark energy within gravitationally bound structures does not significantly affect the expansion of space within them.We test this hypothesis by modifying the ΛCDM model accordingly.We simulate this modified ΛCDM model and compare it against both direct and indirect measurements of the Hubble constant.Our results indicate that this modification resolves the Hubble tension, providing a strong fit to both direct and indirect measurements of the Hubble constant.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".