Parametric Assessment of Size and Peak Pressure Variability for Cavitation Bubbles Induced by Low-Voltage Discharge
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Cavitation presents a significant challenge in the operation and longevity of hydraulic machinery. Studying a single cavitation bubble can provide fundamental insights into the phenomenon. One simple and popular method to generate such bubbles is through a low-voltage discharge between two contacting electrodes to create a spark that locally vaporizes water. This study investigates the repeatability of low-voltage discharge in generating consistent bubbles. The electrode length is one parameter that influences the bubble size. However, the excess length (the electrode length after the contact point) is shown to be the primary variable influencing the bubble size rather than the total electrode length. Additionally, even for bubbles of similar size, significant variability in wall pressure peaks was observed for bubbles generated far from the surface. This variability correlates with the time the electrodes require to melt and break. Longer melting times are associated with extended bubble lifetimes and lower pressure peaks.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".