Bibliographic record
Abstract
The governor general of the East India Company, Lord Cornwallis introduced the permanent settlement act in 1793 in Eastern India. This law expanded to South India later on after the 1800s. The law gave superior landholding rights to a group called Zamindars, a diverse group that can be broadly categorized as rural elites. These land holding rights included a plot with tangible boundaries and tax collection power on behalf of the government. This deed operated on the basis of heritable ownership and would be saleable and mortgageable. However, if a Zamindar failed to pay the revenue before sunset of the due date, the government seized the land and sold it to the highest bidder. This act had both short- and long-term socio-political impacts on its operations. This research looks into the origins of the Permanent Settlement Act of 1793 in a more holistic manner. Most research focuses on either intellectual or political motivations behind the introduction of the Act. This research will try to synthesize the factors and consider the ways they both influenced each other. It will also look into its initial operations and reactions towards it. This will also further explain the Act’s origins by understanding what changed in the first place, why and how so.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.042 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.008 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.015 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".