Associations Between Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Taxes and Weight Outcomes Among US Adolescents
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Given the recent implementation and preemption of sugar-sweetened beverage taxes across the United States, we aimed to evaluate the associations between sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) taxes and adolescent weight-related outcomes using data on 364,540 adolescents drawn from 1999 to 2021 district Youth Risk Behavior Surveys. We used difference-in-differences models to assess the associations and the potential mediating roles of SSBs, milk, and 100% fruit juice consumption. We found that a one cent per ounce increase in SSB taxes was associated with a 0.26 lower body mass index ( P < .01), and a 2.19 ( P < .01) and 1.68 ( P < .01) percentage point decrease in the probability of being affected by overweight and obesity, respectively. SSB consumption had a mediating role, as tax increases were associated with a 2.45 ( P < .01) percentage point decrease in adolescents' probability of drinking any SSB. Milk and 100% fruit juices likely also played a role, as we found changes in their consumption in response to tax increases.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".