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Record W4406680640 · doi:10.1177/20413866251313730

Hidden in plain sight: Abusive leaders and group blind spots

2025· article· en· W4406680640 on OpenAlex
Marlee Mercer, Len Karakowsky

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueOrganizational Psychology Review · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldBusiness, Management and Accounting
TopicJob Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
Canadian institutionsYork University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsSightBlind spotPsychologySocial psychologyOpticsPhysics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Much of the research on silence as a response to group-level abuse suggests that group members, despite collectively recognizing the leader's abuse, choose to remain silent and accept the abuse due to fear of retaliation. However, there is also growing evidence that groups can be vulnerable to the development of blind spots that distort or entirely preclude any recognition of the leader's misdeeds. In this paper, we draw upon existing theory and research to present a conceptual framework that outlines the group characteristics and dynamics leading such blind spots—impediments that prevent the accurate recognition or appraisal of group psychological abuse committed by a leader. The aim is to explain why groups may unwittingly tolerate abusive leaders, and to provide insights into the complexities of group dynamics and leader influence.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.452
Threshold uncertainty score0.998

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.002
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0030.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.028
GPT teacher head0.319
Teacher spread0.291 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it