The role of alternative oxidase in the maintenance of cellular redox balance under hypoxia via participation in nitric oxide turnover
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Alternative oxidase (AOX) regulates the level of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide (NO) in plants. While it alleviates NO formation under normoxic conditions, there are several indications that in conditions of low oxygen, such as during seed germination before radicle protrusion, in meristematic stem cells, and in flooded roots, AOX can be involved in the production of NO from nitrite. Whereas the first reports considered this role as indirect, more evidence has since accumulated that AOX can act as a nitrite:NO reductase. Such activity of the structurally similar di-iron proteins in bacteria has been demonstrated. We review the literature on this topic and show that AOX can be induced under hypoxic conditions and participate in NO turnover via the phytoglobin-NO cycle. This results in the facilitation of glycolytic reactions by reoxidation of the glycolytically formed NADH and diverting the glycolytic carbon toward the formation of alanine and other amino acids. Pyruvate formed in glycolysis can activate AOX and facilitate its operation under these conditions. It is concluded that AOX is an important player in the hypoxic response in plants that regulates the redox level by participating in NO turnover as a nitrite:NO reductase in cooperation with nitrate reductase and phytoglobin.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".