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Do Languages <i>Really</i> Exist?

2025· book-chapter· en· W4406738455 on OpenAlexaff
Robert J. Stainton, Christopher Viger

Bibliographic record

VenueOxford University Press eBooks · 2025
Typebook-chapter
Languageen
FieldArts and Humanities
TopicHistorical Linguistics and Language Studies
Canadian institutionsWestern University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsEliminative materialismMetaphysicsArgument (complex analysis)Philosophy of languageAppealEpistemologyOntologyPoliticsPromotion (chess)QuineLinguisticsSociologyPhilosophyPolitical scienceLaw

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Abstract Eliminativism about languages, characterized by a negative response to our title question, follows from two main lines of argument. First, several metaphysical principles may, individually or in combination, lead to doubt about the existence of languages. Second, accounts of successful communication that do not appeal to languages may render them otiose. In response, we note that arguments based on metaphysical principles prove too much, eliminating garden weeds and baseball, along with languages. Furthermore, we indicate ways in which languages are required to make sense of communication and other linguistic inquiries. We present a countermove that languages may have a place in ordinary folk ontology but not in serious scientific investigation. While more promising, we indicate some challenges to this scientific eliminativism. We conclude by considering why the question matters, outlining some consequences of eliminativism for linguistics and broader ethical, social, and political consequences around language promotion/preservation and language rights.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.004
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.005
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: Theoretical or conceptual
GenreCandidate signal: Other · Consensus signal: Other
Teacher disagreement score0.008
Threshold uncertainty score0.028

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0040.005
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.001
Science and technology studies0.0040.039
Scholarly communication0.0080.017
Open science0.0010.004
Research integrity0.0030.005
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0060.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.025
GPT teacher head0.213
Teacher spread0.188 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreOther

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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