Computational study of the wake of a plane bluff body with a gap flow—mean velocity characteristics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This numerical study investigates the shallow wake characteristics behind a vertical flat plate with and without gap flow. It builds upon our prior experimental work on bluff wakes to gain deeper understanding of the flow. Using transient three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations solved via finite-volume approach with improved delayed detached eddy simulation turbulence model, it provides spatial and temporal data for the wake volume. The bulk velocity was 0.45 m/s, yielded a Reynolds number of 45 000. This paper marks the initial phase of an extensive investigation aimed at characterizing the impact of gap flow on the mean velocity field. The results revealed the formation of a three-dimensional mean recirculation loop just behind the bluff body whose shape resembles a hairpin vortex loop. The gap flow reduces the vortex loop diameter and increases its spinning strength. Moreover, it hinders the secondary currents causing delayed wake spread near the bed but enhances the secondary flow in the upper velocity fields and hence, the growth rate.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".