A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach Using Asymmetric Self-Play for Robust Multirobot Flocking
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Flocking control, as an essential approach for survivable navigation of multirobot systems, has been widely applied in fields, such as logistics, service delivery, and search and rescue. However, realistic environments are typically complex, dynamic, and even aggressive, posing considerable threats to the safety of flocking robots. In this article, based on deep reinforcement learning, anAsymmetricSelf-play-empoweredFlockingControl framework is proposed to address this concern. Specifically, the flocking robots are trained concurrently with learnable adversarial interferers to stimulate the intelligence of the flocking strategy. A two-stage self-play training paradigm is developed to improve the robustness and generalization of the model. Furthermore, an auxiliary training module regarding the learning of transition dynamics is designed, dramatically enhancing the adaptability to environmental uncertainties. Feature-level and agent-level attention are implemented for action and value generation, respectively. Both extensive comparative experiments and real-world deployment demonstrate the superiority and practicality of the proposed framework.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".