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Record W4406769357 · doi:10.1039/d4ra06335j

SERS profiling of blood serum filtrate components from patients with type II diabetes using 100 kDa filtration devices

2025· article· en· W4406769357 on OpenAlexaff
Zainub Shoukat, R. E. Van Atta, Muhammad Irfan Majeed, Haq Nawaz, Nosheen Rashid, Abdulrahman Alshammari, Norah A. Albekairi, Aleena Shahzadi, Sonia Yaseen, Amna Tahir, Yasmeen Naseer, Aziz Fatima, Rimsha Tahir, Maria Ghafoor, Saqib Ali

Bibliographic record

VenueRSC Advances · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
TopicSpectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
Canadian institutionsUniversité Laval
FundersDeanship of Scientific Research, King Saud UniversityKing Saud University
KeywordsType 2 diabetesChromatographyFiltration (mathematics)Raman spectroscopySize-exclusion chromatographyChemistrySurface-enhanced Raman spectroscopyDiabetes mellitusMaterials scienceMedicineRaman scatteringEndocrinologyBiochemistryMathematicsOptics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

, which differentiate type II diabetes patients from healthy individuals. Moreover, the SERS spectral data sets of various samples are classified using two chemometric approaches: principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The validation of the PLS-DA analysis classification model is indicated with 81% accuracy, 79% specificity, and 85% sensitivity, having a value of AUC = 0.75.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.001
Threshold uncertainty score0.002

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.010
GPT teacher head0.297
Teacher spread0.287 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations6
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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