Review of Arctic and Pacific <i>Marenzelleria</i> (Annelida: Spionidae), with new records and comments on <i>Spio gorbunovi</i> Averincev, 1990
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Here we summarise and map available records of the spionid polychaetes Marenzelleria spp. from the Arctic and Pacific Oceans based on morphology and analysis of sequences of five gene fragments (COI, 16S, 18S, 28S and Histone 3). We define for the first time the complex of M. arctia species, including M. arctia-1 from the Baltic, Barents and White Seas, and M. arctia-2 from the Kara Sea east to the Bering Strait. The relationships of these groups to M. arctia (Chamberlin, 1920) from the type locality of this species in the Beaufort Sea remain unclear. We report a new record of M. neglecta Sikorski and Bick, 2004 from Oregon, USA, and consider the presence of this species in the Canadian Arctic and USA Pacific due to introductions for which routes and vectors remain unclear. We also report M. wireni Augener, 1913 for the first time from Arctic Canada (Nunavut). Molecular analysis showed a genetic similarity of the Canadian specimens with worms identified as M. wireni from the Greenland and Laptev Seas. We expect that a future phylogenetic analysis of the relationships of the Asian population, which is currently referred to M. arctia and has never been studied genetically, will shed light on the origin and evolution of the entire genus. Study of the type specimens of Spio gorbunovi Averincev, 1990, described from the Laptev Sea, revealed that this species is a junior synonym of M. arctia, rather than M. wireni as proposed by previous authors.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.007 | 0.009 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".