Technoeconomic assessment of a solar-driven adsorption-based space conditioning system for low-energy multi-unit residential buildings in canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
• Space conditioning demands from Canadian residential buildings are increasing. • Conventional space conditioning technologies are greenhouse gas intensive. • A solar adsorption system is proposed as an alternative to conventional systems. • Results show that the proposed system can achieve substantial emissions reductions. • A compelling economic case can be made for the proposed system based on location. Building energy demands and associated greenhouse gas emissions are increasing in Canada. A potential pathway to counteract this trend involves moving away from carbon intensive fossil fuel and electricity driven space conditioning technologies like furnaces and vapour compression air conditioners towards more sustainable solar heating and cooling technologies. This study evaluates the technoeconomic and environmental performance of a solar-driven adsorption-based system used to meet the space conditioning and domestic hot water demands of a low-energy multi-unit residential building in Canada. A transient numerical model of the building and proposed system is developed in the TRNSYS environment. The following two reference systems are also modeled for comparison: 1) a modern system that uses unit-level mini-split heat pumps for space heating and cooling, and a centralized electric domestic hot water tank for water heating; and 2) a centralized system that uses natural gas for space and water heating, and a vapour compression chiller for space cooling. Results from annual simulations in 12 Canadian locations show that the proposed system can achieve solar fractions greater than 0.8 in certain areas ( e.g., the cities of Winnipeg and Ottawa) and can reduce annual greenhouse gas emissions by up to 62.7% and 99.8% (in the city of Winnipeg) relative to the all-electric unit-level heat pump and centralized natural gas reference systems, respectively. While the levelized cost of energy for the proposed system is high, a compelling economic argument can be made in jurisdictions with fossil fuel dependent electrical grids.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".