Functions and Activities as a Catalyst for Successful Sustainable Adaptive Reuse of Heritage Areas: A Study of the Religious Center of Karbala City, Iraq
Bibliographic record
Abstract
One of the most significant cities in the Islamic world in terms of history, culture, and religion is Karbala.The distinctive heritage buildings and cultural sites can be found throughout its urban fabric and it attracts many pilgrims annually.The approach for achieving this goal is sustainable adaptive reuse, or the reuse of existing structures for new purposes.Sustainable adaptive reuse success is connected with various factors including social, economic, and environmental, while positing that the purposefully intended function and activity will drive urban sustainability.However, quantifying the performance of these functions and activities has been difficult, given fluctuating user numbers and a dearth of standardized sustainability standards for existing use.To fill this gap, this study describes the functions and activities in the study area, in particular heritage buildings.Three primary indicators were employed to assess these functions: changes in land use, heritage space usage and building function.Data were collected and analyzed through a GIS based analysis, quantitative methods, and field surveys of heritage areas.Results show a level of functional performance that was satisfactory for the study area, and was due to the alignment of existing uses with the city's religious events.While these findings are positive, the study highlighted areas where improvement is needed including in the planning for land use and the management of functions and activities within heritage areas.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".