“Fugitive Slave / Fugitive Sailor”: Sailors’ Wardship and the Rhetoric of Emancipation in United States Maritime Reform, 1895-1898
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In 1897, the United States Supreme Court ruled against four white merchant seamen protesting their arrest for desertion from the barque Arago in Astoria, Oregon, providing belated definition to the Thirteenth Amendment’s clause abolishing involuntary servitude. The Supreme Court’s ruling against the Arago sailors represented a nadir in the devolution of Reconstruction-era conceptions of free labor into an increasingly draconian system that insisted on absolute freedom of contract up to the point of self-enslavement. Competing conceptions of paternalism and sailors’ wardship motivated the cooptation of the rhetoric of emancipation by maritime reformers with the aim of affirming sailors’ rights to the full protections of the Thirteenth Amendment, and byextension United States citizenship.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.022 | 0.042 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.009 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".