Fate of the Santo Cristo de Burgos Galleon or Beeswax Wreck (1693): Impacts from High-Energy Neotectonic, Oceanographic, and Geomorphic Processes, Manzanita-Nehalem, Oregon, USA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The fate of the Santo Cristo de Burgos galleon (1693) is established from 1) alongshore dispersals of shipwreck artifacts prior to the 1700 Cascadia earthquake, 2) shipwreck artifacts deposited by 1700 tsunami surges in beaches and estuary wetlands, and 3) post-1700 subsidence catastrophic beach retreat in the Manzanita-Nehalem study area. Shipwreck structures, unabraded sherds, and historically salvaged beeswax blocks and tropical wood timbers, are associated with the 1700 tsunami overtopping of the Nehalem Bay sand spit. However, a rapid ship breakup and alongshore dispersal of shipwreck debris must have occurred during the 7 years between the loss of the galleon and the 1700 great earthquake and associated nearfield tsunami surges. The pre-1700 alongshore distribution of recovered artifacts argue for a primary shipwreck site located offshore of the Nehalem Bay sand spit. Measured ocean beach tsunami runup, including high-velocity flow (8 m elevation) likely resulted in further dismemberment of shipwreck superstructures and remobilization of shipwreck flotsam to elevated dune ramps and the over-washed sand spit. Inshore tsunami runup elevations in the lower bay wetlands (3.5 m elevation) and upper bay floodplains (2.7 m elevation) permitted shipwreck flotsam dispersal to reach up-channel distances of 14 km. Catastrophic beach retreat (130 m landward of modern beaches) following the 1700 coseismic coastal subsidence (~1.0 m) would have further eroded beached shipwreck structures. However, backwashed ceramic artifacts could have been initially buried by accommodation space filling (£1.0 m) in the innermost shelf. Subsequent storm wave remobilization of buried sherds and their transport to headland bounded shoreline entrapments continues to the present. The rapid breakup and pre-1700 alongshore dispersal of the Beeswax Wreck debris, could explain the lack of remaining shipwreck structures for two other lost galleons, the San Agustín (1595) and San Juanillo (1578), on the high-energy central west coast of North America.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".