Broadband Wide-Angle Absorber for Microwave Imaging of Tissue
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A broadband wide-angle absorbing structure for the non-reflective termination of tissue is proposed for enclosures needed in microwave tissue imaging. A prototype consisting of 10 × 10 unit cells is fabricated and experimentally tested using breast-tissue phantoms. Through simulations and measurements, it is demonstrated that the proposed absorbing structure achieves a reflection coefficient better than −20 dB for TE polarization and better than −12 dB for TM polarization for incidence angles from 0° to 80° and within the frequency band from 3 GHz to 8 GHz. The design principles are delineated, enabling the development of other absorbing structures suitable for any tissue of interest. A calibration method and procedure are also developed and employed with the reported measurements, which allow for de-embedding the effect of the lossy tissue medium and extracting the intrinsic reflection coefficient of the absorber. The proposed structure demonstrates superior absorption compared to prior designs and provides a much-needed solution for the construction of non-reflective enclosures for microwave biomedical imaging applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".