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Origin of the Light

2025· preprint· en· W4406859517 on OpenAlexaff
Shangqing Liu

Bibliographic record

VenuePreprints.org · 2025
Typepreprint
Languageen
FieldEarth and Planetary Sciences
TopicEarth Systems and Cosmic Evolution
Canadian institutionsWillow Biosciences (Canada)
Fundersnot available
KeywordsComputer science

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Light is fundamentally essential to the universe. It can be said that light fills and builds the universe. Because of light, energy is transmitted, information is delivered, plants are developed, and the universe is investigated. However, what is the physical origin of light? What is the intrinsic nature of light? These questions have not been clearly comprehended until now. Multiple observed optical phenomena cannot be satisfactorily explained by current theories, such as "photon mass," "light pressure," "light bending," "wavelength redshift," "wave-particle duality," "light speed," and even "photosynthesis." Inspired by the observed phenomena of a photon appearing after electron-positron annihilation, and a photon splitting into an electron and a positron after a collision, the author has realized that the photon is composed of a pair of a positron and an electron, making the photon an extremely tiny electric dipole. Additionally, the well-known facts of strong gamma-ray bursts from nuclear fission, fusion, and black holes reveal that atoms are made of photons, meaning that photons are the basic building blocks of the universe. The gamma-ray bursts are real substances, not just energy, released from the nuclei. The so-called mass-energy conservation is not true. The electric dipole model of the photon can explain the aforementioned confusing phenomena simply and effectively, including why light has its electromagnetic wave properties accurately. Furthermore, the author indicates that there is a difference between light and electromagnetic waves and that, perhaps because of this, photosynthesis can be induced by light, not just electromagnetic waves. Additionally, the crucial concept that "light speed in a vacuum is constant" is questioned. The author is confident in these new understandings and welcomes discussions to help find the natural truth earlier.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.146
Threshold uncertainty score0.999

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0020.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.080
GPT teacher head0.295
Teacher spread0.216 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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