Impact of Reduced Vitamin D Levels on Pain, Function, and Severity in Knee or Hip Osteoarthritis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Vitamin D is beneficial for musculoskeletal health. Although low levels of vitamin D are linked to increased pain in knee osteoarthritis (OA), their association with functionality remains understudied. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between vitamin D deficiency and functional status in elderly individuals with OA and explore the potential correlation between vitamin D deficiency and plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Methods: The study included older adults (≥60 years) from an ageing study, encompassing 105 OA patients and 152 controls. OA diagnosis was confirmed radiographically, and the WOMAC questionnaire assessed functional impairment in these patients. Blood samples were collected to measure 25(OH) vitamin D levels by chemiluminescence and TNF-α and IL-6 levels by ELISA. Results: Patients with vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency exhibited more severe cases of OA compared to those with normal vitamin D levels (p = 0.04). Vitamin D levels were inversely correlated with functional impairment in OA, according to the WOMAC Index (global: rS = −0.25, p = 0.01; pain: rS = −0.21, p = 0.03). Moreover, OA patients with vitamin D deficiency showed significantly higher levels of TNF-α and IL-6 (p < 0.05, Mann−Whitney test). Conclusions: Reduced levels of vitamin D are associated with more severe cases of hip and knee osteoarthritis, increased pain, greater functional impairment, and elevated serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6. Further research is required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the influence of vitamin D on osteoarthritis and to evaluate the potential benefits of vitamin D supplementation for mitigating disease symptoms and progression.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".