Associations between circulating amino acids and metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease in individuals living with severe obesity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) describes liver diseases caused by the accumulation of triglycerides in hepatocytes (steatosis) as well as the resulting inflammation and fibrosis. Previous studies have demonstrated that accumulation of fat in visceral adipose tissue compartments and the liver is associated with alterations in the circulating levels of some amino acids, notably glutamate. This study aimed to investigate the associations between circulating amino acids, particularly glutamate, and MASLD. In addition, we hypothesized that liver steatosis, concomitant with visceral adiposity, could contribute to the association between circulating glutamate and visceral obesity. We studied a sample of 150 patients living with severe obesity who were non-diabetic and selected to represent a wide range of MASLD severity. Liver histological features were determined by a pathologist from a biopsy sample obtained at the time of bariatric surgery. Bulk RNA sequencing measured the hepatic mRNA expression level of selected genes related to the urea cycle and glutamate metabolism. Fasting plasma amino acid levels were measured by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Patients with more advanced steatosis had larger visceral adipocytes, higher levels of circulating tyrosine, glutamate, and alanine as well as lower levels of serine. MASLD severity was significantly associated with the hepatic mRNA expression of glutamate metabolism genes such as GLS1, GLUL (positively), and NAGS (inversely). In individuals living with obesity, MASLD severity is associated with visceral adipocyte hypertrophy, higher circulating glutamate as well as potential alterations of hepatic amino acid and nitrogen metabolism.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".