Droplet splashing on moving and inclined surfaces
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Droplet splashing on moving and inclined surfaces at atmospheric and reduced pressures was investigated using high-speed photography. It was found that the splashing morphology on a moving surface was very similar to that on an inclined surface regardless of the ambient pressure as long as the equivalent inclination angle, defined as the angle between the surface velocity and the resultant velocity of the impacting droplet, was the same as the surface inclination angle. The abnormal splashing known to occur on inclined surfaces at reduced pressure, both wing splashing and upward-only splashing, was also observed on moving surfaces. The variations of splash angle, marking the transition between the splashing and non-splashing zones of the lamella, were determined as a function of the Weber number, the equivalent inclination angle, and the ambient pressure. The measured splash angles were similar for impacts on moving and inclined surfaces, indicating a similarity between splashing on both types of surfaces. Two theoretical models of inclined impact were extended to include surface movement and were validated through comparison with the experiments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".