The development of children's teaching varies by cultural input: evidence from China and the U.S.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Teaching, often seen as a natural cognitive ability, is also shaped by cultural environments. This study compared the teaching strategies among 146 3- to 7-year-old children (81 females) from the U.S. ( n = 52, White) and China (traditional preschool n = 49, Asian; “westernized” preschool n = 45, Asian). Children taught a board game to learners with varying knowledge levels. We measured children's false belief and knowledge attribution and coded three teaching strategies: verbal, contrastive, and contingent. Results showed that children from traditional Chinese preschools were less likely to engage in verbal and contingent teaching than their U.S. and “westernized” Chinese counterparts. Knowledge attribution predicted teaching strategies across cultures. These findings underscore the influence of cultural input on teaching strategies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".