Interharmonic Power–A New Concept for Power System Oscillation Source Location
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Power system oscillations are a significant concern for system operators, a problem that has grown due to the interconnection of inverter-based resources. To address this issue, various methods have been proposed to locate the sources of oscillations, which is essential for effective mitigation actions. A common characteristic of these methods is that they rely on phasor representation of oscillation phenomena. This paper takes a different approach by examining the actual voltage and current waveforms underlying the phasors. It is found that the presence of interharmonic components is both the necessary and sufficient condition for phasor oscillations. Oscillation is the appearance of a beating waveform viewed from the phasor domain, and the beating waveform is created by interharmonics interacting with the fundamental frequency wave. As a result, the generation and propagation of interharmonics are the general cause of oscillation phenomena. Based on these insights, two new methods are developed for locating oscillation sources: one for measurement-based monitoring applications and another for model-based system studies. These findings are validated through four field data-based and one simulation-based case studies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".