Abstract 44: Minimally Invasive Surgery is Associated with Improved Outcomes Compared to Open Craniotomy with Clot Evacuation after Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage in the AHA Get With The Guidelines Registry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Data are lacking on outcomes of minimally invasive surgery (MIS), an emerging surgical treatment for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), compared to conventional open craniotomy with clot evacuation. We therefore sought to evaluate ICH outcomes after MIS vs conventional clot evacuation in a real-world, nationally representative US cohort. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients with ICH from 2011-2021 in the Get With The Guidelines-Stroke registry. The exposure was the type of surgery, classified as open craniotomy with clot evacuation versus MIS (either endoscopic surgical evacuation or stereotactic evacuation with fibrinolytic therapy). The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality, and secondary outcomes included discharge disposition, ambulatory status at discharge, and modified Rankin score at discharge. Using overlap propensity matching, we matched patients with MIS versus open craniotomy on age, sex, race, NIH Stroke Scale, prior antithrombotic therapy, external ventricular drain use, and withdrawal of care. The overlap weighting creates exact balance on the mean of every measured covariate when the propensity score is estimated by logistic regression, and therefore, mimics the attributes of a clinical trial. Each MIS patient was matched with multiple patients who received open craniotomy, based on the propensity score. Logistic regression was used to study the relationship of the type of surgery with outcomes. Pre-specified subgroup analyses were stratified by age, sex, race, NIHSS, EVD use, and annual ICH volume. Results: Among 555,964 patients with ICH, MIS was performed in 703 patients (330 had stereotactic surgery and 373 had endoscopic surgery) and open craniotomy was performed in 7067 patients. In the matched cohort, in-hospital deaths occurred in 60/446 (13.5%) with MIS and 648/3675 (17.6%) with open craniotomy. In regression analyses, MIS was associated with lower odds of in-hospital mortality (aOR, 0.7; CI, 0.5-0.9), unfavorable discharge (aOR, 0.7; CI, 0.6-0.9), and higher odds of discharge to rehabilitation (aOR, 1.3; CI, 1.1-1.5), but not with functional outcomes (Table). In pre-specified subgroup analyses, lower mortality was noted with MIS in older patients and men (Figure). Conclusions: In a large, diverse US cohort of ICH patients, MIS was associated with lower odds of in-hospital mortality and better discharge disposition compared to open craniotomy with clot evacuation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".