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Record W4406996118 · doi:10.3389/fsci.2024.1469417

Deciphering sepsis: transforming diagnosis and treatment through systems immunology

2025· article· en· W4406996118 on OpenAlex
Robert E. W. Hancock, Andy An, Claúdia C. dos Santos, Amy Huei‐Yi Lee

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
fundA Canadian funder is recorded on the work.

Bibliographic record

VenueFrontiers in Science · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicSepsis Diagnosis and Treatment
Canadian institutionsSimon Fraser UniversitySt. Michael's HospitalUniversity of British Columbia
FundersCanadian Institutes of Health Research
KeywordsImmunologySepsisMedicineComputational biologyBiology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Sepsis is an abnormal, life-threatening response to infection that leads to (multi-)organ dysfunction and failure. It causes ~20% of deaths worldwide each year, and most deaths related to severe COVID-19 share various molecular features with sepsis. Current treatment approaches (antimicrobials and supportive care) do not address the complexity of sepsis or its mechanistic heterogeneity between and within patients over time. Systems immunology methods, including multiomics (notably RNA sequencing transcriptomics), machine learning, and network biology analysis, have the potential to transform the management paradigm toward precision approaches. Immune dysfunctions evident very early in sepsis drive the development of novel diagnostic gene expression signatures (e.g., cellular reprogramming) that could inform early therapy. Sepsis patients can now be categorized into “endotypes” based on unique immune dysfunction mechanisms corresponding to varying severity and mortality rates, raising the prospect of endotype-specific diagnostics and patient-specific immune-directed therapy. Longitudinal within-patient analyses can also reveal mechanisms (including epigenetics) that drive differential sepsis trajectories over time, enabling the prospect of disease stage-specific therapy during and after hospitalization, including for post-sepsis and long COVID syndromes. Achieving this transformation will require addressing barriers to systems immunology research, including its cost and resource-intensiveness, the relatively low volume of available data, and lack of suitable animal models; it will also require a change in the mindset of healthcare providers toward precision approaches. This should be prioritized in multistakeholder collaborations involving research communities, healthcare providers/systems, patients, and governments to reduce the current high disease burden from sepsis and to mitigate against future pandemics.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.086
Threshold uncertainty score0.443

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.050
GPT teacher head0.338
Teacher spread0.289 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it