Layered Arrangement of Polyoxometalate on a Metal–Organic Framework as a High-Capacity Anode Material for Sodium-Ion Batteries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are a potential alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), owing to their low cost and sustainability. However, developing a promising anode for sodium-ion batteries remains challenging due to the large size of Na + ions and the significant volume expansion during Na + insertion reactions. Polyoxometalates (POMs) can host cations on the surface and between POM clusters rather than intercalating into the crystal structure, offering their potential as an anode material for SIBs. Herein, we report a vanadium-based POM, i.e., Na 6 PV 3 W 9 O 40 (PVW), stabilized on a cobalt-based metal–organic framework (CoATP), as an effective anode material for SIBs. Electrostatic interactions between CoATP and PVW are enabled by developing cationic groups (−NH 3 + ) on the surface of CoATP. The resulting PVW@CoATP exhibits a continuous layer-by-layer interconnected architecture with intimate PVW/CoATP contact. The layered arrangement provides insertion sites and ensures complete exposure of PVW clusters for redox reactions. XPS analysis indicates that apart from the simultaneous reduction of V 5+ to V 4+ and of W 6+ to W 4+, the cobalt of CoATP reduces from Co 3+ to Co 2+ during discharge, which demonstrates that the nanospheres of CoATP not only provide a 3D surface for the layered arrangement of PVW clusters but also synergistically enhance the performance due to the involvement of Co in the redox process. Consequently, the PVW@CoATP composite exhibits promising performance as an anode material for sodium-ion batteries, including a high reversible capacity of 413 mAh g –1 and long-term cycling with 84% retention after 1000 cycles. This work paves a new pathway for the MOF-supported layered growth of POM, which shows promising structural prospects in energy storage applications.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".